This happened to me a few times where I had to interact locally on some special servers and have found that the datacenter where the machines were placed didn't have proper KVM switches but only a few keyboards left over to be physically connected to host in case of emergencies. What was particularly bad is that the keyboards were rather different among brands, versions and languages, so that once plugged in I had to abstract all physical keys markings and work base on the English layout on my mind although a few important keys were frequently missing or mis-configured.
On two older posts I started talking about a way to fix or mitigate this issue:
As an example I'll continue to work on a solution to the following keyboard, which is a Brazilian derivative re-branded by Dell as model KM-632 (BR) from a variant of the original Chicony Electronics model KG-1089:
With the exception of the keys in orange, all other keys' keystation have already been identified on an older post of this series. The main issues are the keys in green and cyan which are some sort of manufacturer pitfalls.
Before presenting the solution I'll just exhibit how choosing the Brazilian keyboard layout via kbd(1) or nlsadm(1M) aren't good solutions either. That is, both kbd -s Brazilian or nlsadm set-console-keymap Brazilian attempt to load the same flawed keymap from the files brazil or layout_110 located at /usr/share/lib/keytables/type_6.
NOTE
By the way the layout identification number is presented in different ways that might be a little misleading at first. The contents of the plain text file kbd_layouts at /usr/share/lib/keytables/type_6 uses decimal numbers, the layout files are actually named based on hexadecimal numbers and kbd -s presents the layouts in an ordinal order but omitting their actual numbers. For instance, the Brazilian layout number is decimal 272 but layout file is called layout_110 (in hexadecimal) although kbd -s presents it as option 3. On top of this there is an additional layout file named brazil which is an exact duplicate of layout_110.
The provided Brazilian layout as I said is bad and flawed because of:
- It wrongly "guesses" some keystations not in the standards.
- It enables the cedilla and the so-called "dead-keys" for diacritics.
The reasonable behavior is exactly the opposite of the above flaws. It's true that it's impossible to correctly guess the keystations not covered by the standards which each manufacture is free to drive us crazy, but better than doing wrong is not doing at all. At most a simple thoughtful warning message would be much better (and I wouldn't have to suffer for years until I find some time to write long blog posts to share my experience with others).
In practice, for the above keyboard, beyond the crazy cedilla and diacritics (dead-keys) the following misbehavior happens while using the out-of-the-box configuration options:
- Pressing \ (at keystation 100) actually prints /
- Both / and ? (at keystation 135) are dead
- Keypad key , (at keystation 99) prints a .
- Keypad key . (at keypad keystation 230) is dead
- It seems impossible to get the ~ or ` (at keystations 52 and 47)
As seen important keys for system administration are in trouble. As mentioned, under such circumstances the only way out was to revert to the well-known (and memorized) English layout and forget as much as possible the other idiom markings on the physical keyboard. But a better solution is to eliminate the dead-keys, the cedilla and simply make the physical keys generate the corresponding chars hard-printed on them, isn't it?
In order to provide a correct layout mapping it's necessary to have a basic understanding of the layout files which is described under keytables(4) and some information from kb(7M).
A layout file describes up to 7 translation tables for each keystation.
Each translation table defines what action will occur as to when:
- base : no shifts are active
- shift : "Shift" key is down
- caps : "CapsLock" is in effect
- ctrl : "Control" is down
- altg : "Alt_Gr" is down
- numl : "NumLock" is in effect
- up : a (general shift) key goes up
Each action maybe a keyword, a (short) C-string (usually an escape sequence) or an (8-bits) ISO 8859-1 character (Latin-1) possibly specified as a control character (^ prefixed alphabetic char) or an octal constant starting with a \ and having up to 3 octal digits (0 to 7) corresponding to a decimal number in the range of 0 to 255.
Instead of repeatedly specifying the same action for key translation table in turn, it's possible to use a shortcut with the keyword all meaning all translation tables except numl and up. For instance:
# All tables set to a shell continuation line
key 51 all " \\\r" numl nonl up nop
# Keystation 70 to produce no action at all
key 70 all hole
The preceding excerpt also presents another (subtle) rule:
When using the all keyword,
if the action is different from hole,
then numl nonl and up nop must be specified as well.
According to keytables(4) it's mandatory to have:
(go figure! I didn't notice side-effects of using just all hole instead)
key 126 all error numl error up hole
key 127 all idle numl idle up reset
You may also have noticed above that it's possible to override some translation table action even when the all keyword has been used as well.
With this basic information at hand it's now possible to establish a first version of the proposed solution to fix the layout issues of the sample keyboard:
#
# Type 6 (USB) layout for DELL KM632 (BR)
#
# This layout forms an extensive baseline.
# It provides no complex dead-keys or Alt_Gr sequences.
#
# Notes for function keys (BFn, TFn, LFn and RFn):
# F1 ... F12 ... F16
# L ESC[192z ... ESC[203z ... ESC[207z
# R ESC[208z ... ESC[219z ... ESC[223z
# T ESC[224z ... ESC[235z ... ESC[239z
# B ESC[240z ... ESC[251z ... ESC[255z
#
# In theory I could use escape sequences similar to those above.
# Unfortunately, these would result in a "too many strings" error.
# It's important to know how to capture these in BASH READLINE.
# Whithin ~/.inputrc they should be referenced as "\e[XXXz": command/macro
#
# Still availables:
# - functions: BF16, TF16, LF16.
# - keystations: 35 (shift table), 51 (all tables)
# - some ctrl / shift actions for keystations:
# -- 30 to 39, 40 to 44, 45 to 48, 50, 79 to 82, 100
#
key 0 all hole
key 1 all hole
key 2 all hole
key 3 all nonl
#
key 4 base a shift A caps A ctrl ^A altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 5 base b shift B caps B ctrl ^B altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 6 base c shift C caps C ctrl ^C altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 7 base d shift D caps D ctrl ^D altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 8 base e shift E caps E ctrl ^E altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 9 base f shift F caps F ctrl ^F altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 10 base g shift G caps G ctrl ^G altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 11 base h shift H caps H ctrl ^H altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 12 base i shift I caps I ctrl ^I altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 13 base j shift J caps J ctrl ^J altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 14 base k shift K caps K ctrl ^K altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 15 base l shift L caps L ctrl ^L altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 16 base m shift M caps M ctrl ^M altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 17 base n shift N caps N ctrl ^N altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 18 base o shift O caps O ctrl ^O altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 19 base p shift P caps P ctrl ^P altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 20 base q shift Q caps Q ctrl ^Q altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 21 base r shift R caps R ctrl ^R altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 22 base s shift S caps S ctrl ^S altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 23 base t shift T caps T ctrl ^T altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 24 base u shift U caps U ctrl ^U altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 25 base v shift V caps V ctrl ^V altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 26 base w shift W caps W ctrl ^W altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 27 base x shift X caps X ctrl ^X altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 28 base y shift Y caps Y ctrl ^Y altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 29 base z shift Z caps Z ctrl ^Z altg nop numl nonl up nop
#
key 30 base 1 shift ! caps 1 ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 31 base 2 shift @ caps 2 ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 32 base 3 shift # caps 3 ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 33 base 4 shift $ caps 4 ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 34 base 5 shift % caps 5 ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 35 base 6 shift nop caps 6 ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 36 base 7 shift & caps 7 ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 37 base 8 shift * caps 8 ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 38 base 9 shift ( caps 9 ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 39 base 0 shift ) caps 0 ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
#
# - For Backspace I have to use '\177' (octal) and not '\b':
# -- Note that \177 (octal) = 7F (hexa) = 127 (decimal)
# -- The terminal will see \177 as ^?, which is the correct thing.
# -- The \b would be seen as ^H which isn't the default "stty erase".
# -- This is important for the correct login prompt behavior
# of the backspace (keystation 42)
#
# Note: The escape sequence strings begin with ^[
# which in VI/VIM is generated while in insert mode
# by pressing ^V and then the Esc key.
# copy-and-paste may not work.
#
key 40 all '\r' ctrl "^[[187z" numl nonl up nop
key 41 all ^[ ctrl "^[[188z" numl nonl up nop
key 42 all '\177' ctrl "^[[189z" numl nonl up nop
key 43 all '\t' ctrl "^[[190z" numl nonl up nop
key 44 all ' ' ctrl "^[[191z" numl nonl up nop
#
key 45 base - shift _ caps - ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 46 base = shift + caps = ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 47 base '\'' shift '`' caps '\'' ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 48 base [ shift { caps [ ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
#
key 49 all hole
#
key 50 base ] shift } caps ] ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
#
# keystation 51 is cedilla
# Yet to decide what to do
#
key 51 all hole
#
key 52 base ~ shift '^' caps ~ ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 53 base '\'' shift '"' caps '\'' ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 54 base , shift < caps , ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 55 base . shift > caps . ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 56 base ; shift : caps ; ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
#
key 57 all shiftkeys+capslock
#
# keystations 58 thru 69 are F1 thru F12 respectively
# Decision:
# - Fn = bf(n)
# - Shift + Fn = lf(n)
# - Ctrl + Fn = tf(n) --> to not conflict with VT-n shortcuts
#
key 58 base bf(1) shift lf(1) caps bf(1) ctrl tf(1) altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 59 base bf(2) shift lf(2) caps bf(2) ctrl tf(2) altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 60 base bf(3) shift lf(3) caps bf(3) ctrl tf(3) altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 61 base bf(4) shift lf(4) caps bf(4) ctrl tf(4) altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 62 base bf(5) shift lf(5) caps bf(5) ctrl tf(5) altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 63 base bf(6) shift lf(6) caps bf(6) ctrl tf(6) altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 64 base bf(7) shift lf(7) caps bf(7) ctrl tf(7) altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 65 base bf(8) shift lf(8) caps bf(8) ctrl tf(8) altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 66 base bf(9) shift lf(9) caps bf(9) ctrl tf(9) altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 67 base bf(10) shift lf(10) caps bf(10) ctrl tf(10) altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 68 base bf(11) shift lf(11) caps bf(11) ctrl tf(11) altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 69 base bf(12) shift lf(12) caps bf(12) ctrl tf(12) altg nop numl nonl up nop
#
# PtrScn=70, Ins=73, Home=74, PgUp=75, Del=76, End=77, PgDn=78
# Decisions:
# - For PrtScn, just use it as F13 similarly as above.
# - For the other special keys I'll have to use RFn keys.
# At first I'm interested only on Ctrl modifications.
#
key 70 base bf(13) shift lf(13) caps bf(13) ctrl tf(13) altg nop numl nonl up nop
#
key 71 all hole
key 72 all hole
#
key 73 all rf(1) ctrl rf(2) numl nonl up nop
key 74 all rf(3) ctrl rf(4) numl nonl up nop
key 75 all rf(5) ctrl rf(6) numl nonl up nop
key 76 all rf(7) ctrl rf(8) numl nonl up nop
key 77 all rf(9) ctrl rf(10) numl nonl up nop
key 78 all rf(11) ctrl rf(12) numl nonl up nop
#
key 79 all string+rightarrow ctrl rf(13) numl nonl up nop
key 80 all string+leftarrow ctrl rf(14) numl nonl up nop
key 81 all string+downarrow ctrl rf(15) numl nonl up nop
key 82 all string+uparrow ctrl rf(16) numl nonl up nop
#
# This keyboard has no NumLock toggle (by default it's always on)
# But it must be declared as present for proper /dev/kbd operation
# This is particularly necessary across reboots or the flag may be lost
#
key 83 all shiftkeys+numlock
#
# paddot clashes with AltGr, both are keystation 230
# Yet to decide what to do
#
# This keyboard has no padequal
#
key 84 all hole numl padslash up nop
key 85 all hole numl padstar up nop
key 86 all hole numl padminus up nop
key 87 all hole numl padplus up nop
key 88 all hole numl padenter up nop
key 89 all hole numl pad1 up nop
key 90 all hole numl pad2 up nop
key 91 all hole numl pad3 up nop
key 92 all hole numl pad4 up nop
key 93 all hole numl pad5 up nop
key 94 all hole numl pad6 up nop
key 95 all hole numl pad7 up nop
key 96 all hole numl pad8 up nop
key 97 all hole numl pad9 up nop
key 98 all hole numl pad0 up nop
key 99 all hole numl padsep up nop
#
key 100 base '\\' shift | caps '\\' ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
#
# Keystation 101 is Menu
# Decision:
# - For now, use as F14
#
key 101 base bf(14) shift lf(14) caps bf(14) ctrl tf(14) altg nop numl nonl up nop
#
key 102 all hole
key 103 all hole
key 104 all hole
key 105 all hole
key 106 all hole
key 107 all hole
key 108 all hole
key 109 all hole
key 110 all hole
key 111 all hole
key 112 all hole
key 113 all hole
key 114 all hole
key 115 all hole
key 116 all hole
key 117 all hole
key 118 all hole
key 119 all hole
key 120 all hole
key 121 all hole
key 122 all hole
key 123 all hole
key 124 all hole
key 125 all hole
#
key 126 all error numl error up hole
key 127 all idle numl idle up reset
#
key 128 all hole
key 129 all hole
key 130 all hole
key 131 all hole
key 132 all hole
key 133 all hole
key 134 all hole
#
key 135 base / shift ? caps / ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
#
key 136 all hole
key 137 all hole
key 138 all hole
key 139 all hole
key 140 all hole
key 141 all hole
key 142 all hole
key 143 all hole
key 144 all hole
key 145 all hole
key 146 all hole
key 147 all hole
key 148 all hole
key 149 all hole
key 150 all hole
key 151 all hole
key 152 all hole
key 153 all hole
key 154 all hole
key 155 all hole
key 156 all hole
key 157 all hole
key 158 all hole
key 159 all hole
key 160 all hole
key 161 all hole
key 162 all hole
key 163 all hole
key 164 all hole
key 165 all hole
key 166 all hole
key 167 all hole
key 168 all hole
key 169 all hole
key 170 all hole
key 171 all hole
key 172 all hole
key 173 all hole
key 174 all hole
key 175 all hole
key 176 all hole
key 177 all hole
key 178 all hole
key 179 all hole
key 180 all hole
key 181 all hole
key 182 all hole
key 183 all hole
key 184 all hole
key 185 all hole
key 186 all hole
key 187 all hole
key 188 all hole
key 189 all hole
key 190 all hole
key 191 all hole
key 192 all hole
key 193 all hole
key 194 all hole
key 195 all hole
key 196 all hole
key 197 all hole
key 198 all hole
key 199 all hole
key 200 all hole
key 201 all hole
key 202 all hole
key 203 all hole
key 204 all hole
key 205 all hole
key 206 all hole
key 207 all hole
key 208 all hole
key 209 all hole
key 210 all hole
key 211 all hole
key 212 all hole
key 213 all hole
key 214 all hole
key 215 all hole
key 216 all hole
key 217 all hole
key 218 all hole
key 219 all hole
key 220 all hole
key 221 all hole
key 222 all hole
key 223 all hole
#
key 224 all shiftkeys+leftctrl up shiftkeys+leftctrl
key 225 all shiftkeys+leftshift up shiftkeys+leftshift
key 226 all shiftkeys+alt up shiftkeys+alt
#
# Keystation 227 is Super (Win)
# Wondered about: "all compose numl nonl up nop"
# Decision:
# - For now, use as F15
#
key 227 base bf(15) shift lf(15) caps bf(15) ctrl tf(15) altg nop numl nonl up nop
#
key 228 all shiftkeys+rightctrl up shiftkeys+rightctrl
key 229 all shiftkeys+rightshift up shiftkeys+rightshift
#
# Alt_Gr clashes with paddot
# Yet to decide what to do
#
key 230 all shiftkeys+altgraph up shiftkeys+altgraph
#
key 231 all hole
key 232 all hole
key 233 all hole
key 234 all hole
key 235 all hole
key 236 all hole
key 237 all hole
key 238 all hole
key 239 all hole
key 240 all hole
key 241 all hole
key 242 all hole
key 243 all hole
key 244 all hole
key 245 all hole
key 246 all hole
key 247 all hole
key 248 all hole
key 249 all hole
key 250 all hole
key 251 all hole
key 252 all hole
key 253 all hole
key 254 all hole
At anytime to apply this new layout shown above it suffices to use the loadkeys(1) command. Suppose the layout is saved to a file called layout-DELL-KM632-BR located in /tmp. Then to apply it one would do:
$ loadkeys /tmp/layout-DELL-KM632-BR
But if the layout is to be automatically applied every time the system boots, then two steps are necessary:
- It must be added to the layouts database, which for general USB keyboards is the file kbd_layouts located at /usr/share/lib/keytables/type_6:
# cd /usr/share/lib/keytables/type_6
# cp /tmp/layout-DELL-KM632-BR .
# ln -s layout-DELL-KM6332-BR layout_200
# grep Brazilian kbd_layouts
Brazilian=272
Brazilian-DELL-KM632=512
The addition must be inserted (edited in) respecting an order as described by the comments on top of the database file.
Note that the suffix _200 is the hexa representation of 512 decimal. I chose this number because it seemed free. I also chose to name the new layout as Brazilian-DELL-KM632. The almost useless generic Brazilian layout is number 272 = 110 hexa.
Confirming:
$ kbd -s
USB keyboard
1. Arabic 15. Japanese
2. Belgian 16. Korean
3. Brazilian 17. Latin-American
4. Brazilian-DELL-KM632 18. Norwegian
...
14. Japanese-type6 28. US-English
To select the keyboard layout, enter a number [default 28]:
^C
- Finally, once the new keyboard layout is properly registered into the keyboard layouts database, it suffices to activate it as follows:
$ nlsadm set-console-keymap Brazilian-DELL-KM632
Setting ... keymap/layout with ...: Brazilian-DELL-KM632
Successfully set
As long as the user posesses the necessary authorization:
$ profiles |grep National
National Languages Support Management
NOTE
Step 2 above works under Solaris 11.3 but that may not be the case under older Solaris 11 versions, such as the very first Solaris 11 Express. For older versions, it's probably necessary to manually edit the corresponding SMF keymap:default property:
# svccfg -s keymap:default
svc:/system/keymap:default>
...> listprop keymap/*
keymap/console_beeper_freq integer 900
keymap/kbd_beeper_freq integer 2000
keymap/keyboard_abort astring enable
keymap/keyclick boolean false
keymap/repeat_delay integer 500
keymap/repeat_rate integer 40
keymap/layout astring US-English
...> setprop keymap/layout = \
astring: "Brazilian-DELL-KM632"
...> refresh
...> end
# svcadm restart keymap:default
The above sample layout is intended to be a sort of baseline. As seen it doesn't attempt to enable dead-keys for some diacritics and the cedilla, Alt_Gr for some other special symbols, or even some odd particularities of the specific physical keyboard at hand.
But each of this cases could be treated as a whole or as independent use cases by crafting additional layout fragments to be manually loaded as needed. For instance, let me give some examples:
EXAMPLE 1:
Turning Alt_Gr on and off in favor of a fully keypad setup (that is, making the blue key in the image below work); a particularity of the specific physical keyboard at hand (for reference, see the image of the physical layout and keystations presented at Keyboard - Keystations). Recall that in this particular keyboard the blue key (keystation 230) below clashes with the Alt_Gr key which uses the same keystation number, so it makes more sense to enable this blue key only under special circunstances that would require a fully functional keypad to easy some sort of data entry or edition.
The following could be on file DELL-KM632-BR-keypad-dot:
#
# Type 6 (USB) layout for DELL KM632 (BR) - fragment
# Disabling Alt_Gr sequences in favor of keypad.
#
key 230 all hole numl paddot up nop
The following could be on file DELL-KM632-BR-keypad-basic:
#
# Type 6 (USB) layout for DELL KM632 (BR) - fragment
# Restoring Alt_Gr sequences.
#
key 230 all shiftkeys+altgraph up shiftkeys+altgraph
The following command could temporarily activate the layout which includes paddot:
$ loadkeys DELL-KM632-BR-keypad-dot
EXAMPLE 2:
As previously remarked, keystation 51, which correspondig physical key in this keyboard is hard-printed as the cedilla (ç) character is pretty much useless at a console scenario, hence the baseline file to the top of this post just mutes it. But due to its very confortable physical location on the physical keyboard it could be assigned some frequent action of choice, for instance:
- the escape character (cloning keystation 41)
- the padequal keyword (or cloning keystation 46)
- the dash and underline characters (cloning keystation 45)
- and so on...
Let's say for instance that due to an intensive use of VI / VIM it would be more convenient to clone keystation 41 to keystation 51. This setting could be on the layout fragment file DELL-KM632-BR-cedilla-esc:
#
# Type 6 (USB) layout for DELL KM632 (BR) - fragment
# Cloning action of the Esc key to the ç key.
#
key 51 same as 41
EXAMPLE 3:
On some legacy Sun keyboards the Caps key and the (left) Ctrl key were reversed. Perhaps one would like to emulate that situation on the sample keyboard above by basing the choice upon an old habit, easier key access in relation to its frequency of use or even that due to a lot of VI / VIM editing it's safer move Caps out of the way where it may accidentally change an intended command after some mixed-case typing, and so on... This setting could be on the layout fragment file DELL-KM632-BR-reverse-caps-ctrl:
#
# Type 6 (USB) layout for DELL KM632 (BR) - fragment
# Reverses action between the Caps key and the left Ctrl key.
#
swap 57 with 224
EXAMPLE 4:
On another keyboard the NumLock key may be present. Of course in this case the initially configured keystations' actions while NumLock is OFF should be the standard ones, that is, duplicating the functionality of the enhanced keyboard keys such as the arrow keys, Home, End and so on... This is different from what is shown on this post sample keyboard as it doesn't have a NumLock key. But in case of a different keyboard with the NumLock key, one might have chosen different actions for the keystations while NumLock is OFF. Hence, to temporarily restore the standard behavior there could be a layout fragment file such as VENDOR-MODEL-BR-keypad-full:
#
# Standard actions when NumLock is OFF
#
key 89 all rf(9) ctrl rf(10) numl pad1 up nop
key 90 all string+downarrow ctrl rf(15) numl pad2 up nop
key 91 all rf(11) ctrl rf(12) numl pad3 up nop
key 92 all string+leftarrow ctrl rf(14) numl pad4 up nop
key 93 all hole numl pad5 up nop
key 94 all string+rightarrow ctrl rf(13) numl pad6 up nop
key 95 all rf(3) ctrl rf(4) numl pad7 up nop
key 96 all string+uparrow ctrl rf(16) numl pad8 up nop
key 97 all rf(5) ctrl rf(6) numl pad9 up nop
key 98 all rf(1) ctrl rf(2) numl pad0 up nop
key 99 all rf(7) ctrl rf(8) numl padsep up nop
EXAMPLE 5:
If another similar (physical) keyboard becomes temporarily available, then, instead of providing a whole complete definition to it as demonstrated above, it may be easier and more convenient to have just a fragment that adjusts the minor differences. For instance, I have an old Microsoft Wireless Keyboard 1000 which keystations are very similar to the Dell KM-632. Thus I just need the following layout fragment file MS-WK1000-BR:
key 49 base ] shift } caps ] ctrl nop altg nop numl nonl up nop
key 50 same as 49
# 71=ScrLk, 72=Pause
key 71 all "^[[185z" numl nonl up nop
key 72 all "^[[186z" numl nonl up nop
NOTE
It is convenient to have such layout fragments given in pairs, where one sets the change and the other reverses the change. Of course, the one that reverses the change is just a copy of a portion of the original whole baseline.
Strictly speaking, that's it for the console keyboard configuration. But, in practice, to take advantage of it there comes into play how the shell may respond to it. For BASH(1) this means duly configuring key bindings via the per user, local ~/.inputrc. But this is subject to another post: The .inputrc revisited.
